Que nível sérico de 25-hidroxivitamina D reduz os episódios de exacerbação de asma na infância e adolescência?
Conteúdo do artigo principal
Resumo
Introdução: Asma é uma doença caracterizada por inflamação
crônica das vias aéreas. A vitamina D é um hormônio com
várias ações fisiológicas. Seu papel imunomodulador visa várias
células imunes. Esses efeitos a tornam um regulador crítico da
função do sistema imunológico, cuja deficiência pode predispor
a asma e alergias na presença de outros estímulos ambientais.
Objetivo: O objetivo do trabalho é avaliar, por meio de uma
revisão não sistemática de literatura, a associação entre os níveis
séricos de 25-hidroxivitamina D e as exacerbações da asma na
infância e adolescência. Metodologia: Foram analisados estudos
publicados na língua inglesa tendo como referência a base de
dados PUBMED. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos controlados e
randomizados, metanálises e revisões de literatura. Resultados:
Os principais estudos e seus resultados mostraram que a
deficiência de vitamina D se relacionou com maior possibilidade
de exacerbações de asma. A vitamina D possui potentes
propriedades imunomoduladoras que podem inibir a inflamação
das vias aéreas. Os pacientes que receberam doses de vitamina
D tiveram menor número de exacerbações e obtiveram controle
melhor e mais precoce da asma. A necessidade de esteroides foi
significativamente reduzida. Conclusões: Esta revisão corrobora
a relação entre níveis séricos baixos de 25-hidroxivitamina D,
piora da função pulmonar e aumento nas exacerbações de
asma. No entanto, maiores e bem projetados ensaios clínicos
randomizados são necessários para confirmar essas conclusões e
investigar o regime ótimo de vitamina D e os pacientes que mais
se beneficiariam da suplementação.
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