Association between possible interventions for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight prematures
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
in very low birth weight (VLBW) premature newborns admitted to the
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of a state reference hospital, as well
as the characteristics of those with this pathology, the therapy used and
the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Methods:
Retrospective cohort study, in which 516 VLBW newborns admitted
to the NICU from January 2016 to December 2020 were included. The
variables were analyzed primarily according to the presence or absence
of PDA and, subsequently, according to the treatment adopted. Results: From 516 preterm infants included in the study, 30.23% had
PDA, with an average weight of 957.5g and an average gestational
age of 27.3 weeks. The incidence of BPD was 69.35% (90/130) in the
sample, with patients undergoing medical and surgical treatments
having an incidence of 67.6% and 100%, respectively, while patients
undergoing conservative treatment had an incidence of incidence of
59.1%. Conclusion: An inversely proportional was evidenced between
the incidence of PDA and neonatal characteristics, with prematurity
being the main risk factor, and the use of corticosteroid therapy an
important protective factor against the development of this heart
disease. Regarding therapeutic management and the association with
BPD, despite the statistically significant results, more studies are needed
to define the ideal therapeutic approach and the balance between risks
and benefits.
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