Post-staphylococcal atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome: pediatric case report in a tertiary care hospital

Abstract

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare condition with potentially severe progression. It is classified as primary when caused by internal factors (such as genetic mutations) and secondary when triggered by external factors (infections, medications and toxins, autoimmune diseases, pregnancy, among others). Objective: To report a pediatric case of aHUS following Staphylococcus aureus infection in a tertiary care hospital. Case description: A previously healthy 1-year-and-9-month-old female presented with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury secondary to Staphylococcus coagulase-negative infection. The diagnosis of aHUS was established based on characteristic laboratory findings and the exclusion of other causes, such as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. The clinical course required intensive support, including multiple blood transfusions and peritoneal dialysis, culminating in recovery of renal function. Discussion: aHUS often has rapid clinical progression and is rare in the pediatric population. The combination of symptoms frequently necessitates dialysis and repeated transfusions. This case highlights the importance of considering uncommon infectious etiologies in aHUS and reinforces the need for early diagnostic and therapeutic intervention to reduce complications.