Breastfeeding and allergic diseases in early childhood: a systematic review
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Abstract
Introdução: Allergies are considered a growing public health problem, and prophylactic and therapeutic measures for these diseases should be studied. Objective: To review and compile data from studies that analyzed the breastfeeding type and time in the modulation of allergic diseases in childhood. Data source: It was performed a systematic review following the international guidelines PRISMA on PubMed, Scopus and Scielo databases, without chronological or language restrictions. The descriptors used were standardized according to the MeSH terms platform. Inclusion criteria established original articles with direct relation to breastfeeding, allergies and individuals in childhood. Data Synthesis: A total of 457 publications were identified, of which 22 original articles were included in the study. Fifteen studies presented positive relation of breastfeeding with the prevention of allergic diseases, five had negative relation and three showed no relation. Most studies did not consider confounding parameters - atopic status of parents, cesarean or vaginal delivery, number of siblings and exposure to tobacco - that may mask the research result. Most studies conducted in similar geographic regions have shown similar results and divergent results from different regions, due to different mother lifestyle and diet. Conclusions: Allergic diseases can be modulated by breastfeeding, given that exclusive breastfeeding up to six months and supplemented until two years was mainly beneficial. The geographic region of the study is a parameter that must be analyzed since it influences the diet and maternal habits and milk composition.
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