Evolution of reported cases confirmed positive by RT-PCR SARS-coV2 in different age groups
Main Article Content
Abstract
Coronavirus 2 severe acute respiratory syndrome vírus (SARS CoV-2) is the cause of a new disease, as well as a pandemic, known as COVID-19, which has affected millions of people. Objective: Assessing the evolution of reported cases confirmed by detection of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2) in different age groups. Method: This is an ecological study with data collected from the Ministry of Health’s database of notified cases confirmed by RT-PCR SARS CoV-2. Results: The highest percentages of positive cases were for the age group over 60 years, males and whites. The evolution to hospital admission, O2 saturation < 95%, ventilatory support and death had significantly higher percentages in older ages. Although children are less affected, from children under 29 days analyzed, 62.7% were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit and 77.8% progressed to cure. Of a total of 2,195 children and adolescents analyzed, 12.1% died. Out of a total of 100,319 individuals over 60 years of age analyzed, 57.5% died. Older patients had significantly higher percentages of chest X-ray changes. As for the chest tomography, these patients had higher percentages of alterations, but not significantly. Conclusion: The most advanced age groups make up most cases of COVID-19 with unfavorable evolution. Although children are less affected, severe cases can also occur.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
1. Lu H, Stratton CW, Tang YW. Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle. J Med Virol. 2020; 92: 401- 402.
2. Houvèssou GM, Souza TP, Silveira MF. Medidas de contenção de tipo lockdown para prevenção e controle da COVID-19: estudo ecológico descritivo, com dados da África do Sul, Alemanha, Brasil, Espanha, Estados Unidos, Itália e Nova Zelândia, fevereiro a agosto de 2020. Epidemiol. Serv. Saude, 2021,Brasília; 30(1):e2020513
3. Bleier BS, Ramanathan Jr M, Lane AP. COVID-19 Vaccines May Not Prevent Nasal SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Asymptomatic Transmission. Otolaryngol Head and Neck Surg, 2021;164(2):305-307.
4. Xavier AR, Silva JS, Almeida JPCL, Conceição JFF, Lacerda GS, Kanaan S. Covid-19: manifestações clínicas e laboratoriais na infecção pelo novo coronavírus. JBras Patol Med Lab.2020;56:1-9.
5. Jain V, Yuan JM. Predictive symptoms and comorbidities for severe COVID-19 and intensive care unit admission: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Public Health. 2020;65(5):533-546.
6. Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Coronavirus infections in children including COVID-19: an overview of the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention options in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020 Mai;39(5):355-68
7. Sant'Anna MFBP. Coronavírus: a pandemia da dor e do despertar da Medicina!. Resid Pediatr. 2020 Abr;10(2):1.
8. Simpson S, Kay FU, Abbara S, et al. Radiological Society of North America Expert Consensus Statement on Reporting Chest CT Findings Related to COVID-19. Endorsed by the Society of Thoracic Radiology, the American College of Radiology, and RSNA. Radiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging. 2020 Mar 25;10.1148/ryct.2020200152.
9. Foust AM, Phillips GS, Chu WC, et al. International Expert Consensus Statement on Chest Imaging in Pediatric COVID-19 Patient Management: imaging findings, imaging study reporting and imaging study recommendations. Radiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging. 2020;2(2).
10. Santos JFS, Santos DD. Hierarchy of Covid-19-Related Flu Symptoms According to Sex and Color or Race in Reports of Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Brazil. Advances in Research, 2020;21(11):67-78.
11. Victora, C.G. (2016). Socioeconomic inequalities in Health: Reflections on the academic production from Brazil. Int J Equity Health.; 15 (1): 164.
12. Brasil. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE (2019). Desigualdades Sociais por Cor ou Raça no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, Estudos e Pesquisas. Informação Demográfica e Socioeconômica, 41. Disponível em: https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv101681_informativo.pdf
13. Rios-Gonzalez CM, Rolón RDA, Espinola-Canata M, Battaglia A, Mayeregger AE. Comportamiento clínico y epidemiológico de pacientes internados por COVID-19 en un Hospital de Contingencia para COVID-19 de Paraguay, 2020. Rev. Salud Publica Parag, 2021;11(1):62-66.
14. Garg S, Kim L, Whitaker M, O'Halloran A, Cummings C, Holstein R, et al. Hospitalization Rates and Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 - COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1-30, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(15):458-464.
15. CDC. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): people who need to take extra precautions. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/index.html
16. Tezer H, Bedir Demirdağ T. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in children. Turk J Med Sci. 2020;50(SI-1):592-603.
17. Cascella M, Rajnik M, Cuomo A, Dulebohn SC, Napoli RD. Features, Evaluation, and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 January-Last Update: March 20, 2020.
18. Wei M, Yuan J, Liu Y, Fu T, Yu X et al. Novel coronavirus infection in hospitalized infants under 1 year of age in China. JAMA 2020. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2131
19. Dong Y, Mo X, Hu Y, Qi X, Jiang F et al. Epidemiology of COVID-19 among children In China. Pediatrics 2020. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-0702
20. Li J, Huang DQ, Zou B, Yang H, Hui WZ, Rui F, et al. Epidemiology of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes. J Med Virol. 2021;93(3):1449-1458
21. Gomes NTN, Haslett MIC, Silva e Alves AJ, Percio J, Duarte MMS, Malta JMAS, et al. Coorte retrospectiva de crianças e adolescentes hospitalizados por COVID-19 no Brasil do início da pandemia a 1º de agosto de 2020. REV BRAS EPIDEMIOL, 2021; 24: E210026
22. Hillesheim D, Tomasi YT, Figueiró TH, Paiva KM. Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo por COVID-19 en niños y adolescentes en Brasil: perfil de muertes y letalidad hospitalaria hasta la 38a Semana Epidemiológica de 2020. Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde, Brasília,2020;29(5):e2020644.
23. Salehi S, Abedi A, Balakrishnan S, Gholamrezanezhad A. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review of Imaging Findings in 919 Patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2020;215(1):87-93.
24. Kim JY, Choe PG, Oh Y, Oh KJ, Kim J, Park SJ et al. The first case of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia imported into Korea from Wuhan, china: implication for infection prevention and control measures. J Korean Med Sci 2020;35(5):e61
25. Pan Y, Guan H, Zhou S, Wang Y, Li Q, Zhu T et al. Inicial CT findings and temporal changes in patients with the novel coronavirus pneumonia (2019-nCoV): a study of 63 patients in Wuhan, China. Eur Radiol 2020;30(6):3306-9
26. Gu Q, Ouyang X, Xie A, Tan X, Liu J, Huang F, Liu P. A retrospective study of the initial chest CT imaging findings in 50 COVID-19 patients stratified by gender and age. J Xray Sci Technol. 2020;28(5):875-884.