Papel dos IGRAs no diagnóstico de tuberculose latente na população pediátrica: uma revisão integrativa
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Justificativa e Objetivos: A infecção latente por tuberculose (ILTB) contribui consideravelmente para o aumento na incidência de tuberculose ativa. As crianças, além de apresentarem maiores chances de converterem o patógeno adormecido em doença ativa, se deparam com outras situações de risco relacionadas à faixa etária, como comorbidades, desnutrição e imaturidade imunológica. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar o papel do Teste de Liberação de Interferon-gama (IGRA) como ferramenta diagnóstica aplicada a crianças em diferentes contextos epidemiológicos. Métodos: Estudo de revisão integrativa, utilizando a base Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) na busca das publicações. Resultados: Foram selecionados 18 estudos publicados entre 2019 e 2024, com foco no diagnóstico da ILTB na população pediátrica. Predominou o uso de estudos de corte, ensaio clínico e estudos transversais. A maioria dos estudos destacou a eficácia superior do teste IGRA em comparação à prova tuberculínica, especialmente em crianças vacinadas com o bacilo de Calmette e Guérin (BCG) e grupos imunossuprimidos. Fatores como imunização, variabilidade diagnóstica e contexto epidemiológico influenciaram os resultados dos testes, ressaltando a importância de métodos diagnósticos mais precisos para melhorar a triagem e tratamento em diferentes populações. Conclusão: Métodos diagnósticos precisos, como o IGRA, são fundamentais para melhorar a detecção de ILTB na população pediátrica nos diferentes contextos epidemiológicos estudados.
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