Acidente vascular encefálico perinatal e infantil: definições, epidemiologia, classificações, fatores de risco, etiologias, investigação diagnóstica e desfechos clínicos e no neurodesenvolvimento
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Introdução: Os acidentes vasculares encefálicos em crianças são mais frequentes em neonatos, estando associados a consequências clínicas e ao neurodesenvolvimento, resultando em impacto para toda a família. Objetivo: Apresentar uma síntese atualizada do conhecimento sobre acidentes vasculares encefálicos em pediatria, expandir as informações dos estudos publicados nos últimos cinco anos e fomentar mais pesquisas nesta área do conhecimento no Brasil. Fontes de dados: Bases de dados Pubmed, LILACS e MEDLINE. Síntese dos dados: Os acidentes vasculares encefálicos são classificados nos tipos perinatal e
infantil. O tipo perinatal ocorre entre 20 semanas de vida fetal e 28 dias de vida pós-natal; divide-se no subtipo perinatal agudo sintomático com apresentação nos primeiros 28 dias de vida pós-natal, sendo este subdividido em neonatal isquêmico arterial, trombose de seio venoso cerebral neonatal e neonatal hemorrágico; e no subtipo perinatal presumido com apresentação após os primeiros 28 dias de vida pósnatal, sendo este subdividido em perinatal isquêmico arterial presumido, infarto venoso periventricular e perinatal hemorrágico presumido. O tipo infantil ocorre e se apresenta após 28 dias de vida pós-natal até 18 anos de idade, sendo subclassificado em isquêmico arterial, trombose de seio
venoso cerebral e hemorrágico. Conclusões: Nos últimos cinco anos, estudos trouxeram novas informações. Uma nova classificação para o tipo perinatal e modificações na investigação diagnóstica. Ampliação na miríade de etiologias para os subtipos infantis isquêmicos e nas suas investigações diagnósticas, com uma nova classificação internacional para o subtipo arterial. Novas escalas específicas disponíveis para mensuração de desfechos e de qualidade de vida.
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