Is there a relationship between excessive cell phone use and the development of acquired acute concomitant esotropia among children and adolescents? A systematic review
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Abstract
Introduction: Acute acquired concomitant esotropia (AACE) is an ocular condition characterized by concomitant convergent deviation of the eyes, which occurs suddenly. It develops throughout life and appears to be precipitated by prolonged exposure to mobile devices. Objective: To investigate the possible correlation between excessive cell phone use and the development of AACE in children and adolescents. Methods: This is a systematic review with a search strategy for studies published and indexed in the MEDLINE databases via Pubmed, Scielo and Lilacs in August 2024. The descriptors used were: (Smartphone and strabismus) or (Cell phone and strabismus) or (Smartphone and esotropia) or (Cell phone and esotropia) or (Smartphone and exotropia) or (Cell phone and exotropia). The review design follows the PECO strategy: P= children and adolescents, E= excessive use of smartphone/cell phone, C= No excessive use of smartphone /cell phone and O= Acute Acquired Concomitant Esotropia. Results: 86 articles were retrieved in total, through a systematic search in three bibliographic databases: MEDLINE (n= 70), LILACS (n= 13), and SCIELO (n= 3). At the end of the analysis, five studies were considered eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest an association between prolonged use of mobile devices and the development of AACE in children and adolescents. However, further studies are essential to better understand the underlying mechanisms of this association.
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