Severe acute respiratory syndrome in pediatric patients in the pandemic: an epidemiological analysis of Brazil
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Abstract
Introduction: In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic began, a potential cause of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, which is a mandatory notification condition in Brazil. Despite the low severity of the infection in children when compared to adults, the number of cases is high and the impact is still important. Objective: To explore the clinical and epidemiological profile of hospitalizations with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in the pandemic, comparing it with later years. Method: An epidemiological, descriptive and quantitative study of cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome was carried out in pediatric patients notified to the Ministry of Health, from January 1st to September 30th, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. Results: In 2020, the total number of registered cases was 58.819, of which 6.898 were COVID-19. The overall lethality was 3.50 and 7.92 for cases with COVID-19. Cases and deaths predominated in boys. There was a decrease in cases and deaths with age advanced, except for children under 1 year. Fever, cough and respiratory distress were the most common symptoms. Asthma, neurological diseases and heart disease were the most common comorbidities. From 2017 to 2020, there was an increase in cases, patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, deaths and lethality. Conclusions: The clinical and epidemiological profile found is consistent with the literature. The new virus is probably responsible for the increase in the indicators and there is a serious problem of underreporting in the country.
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