How to differentiate and approach physiological gastroesophageal reflux (infant regurgitation) and gastroesophageal reflux disease: a summary of evidence
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Abstract
Introduction: Physiological gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a phenomenon of escape from stomach contents into the esophagus due to immaturity of the lower esophageal sphincter, which tends to disappear at around one year of age. This manifestation is usually not accompanied by other symptoms. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), on the other hand, is characterized by chronic regurgitation, which can remain beyond one year of life, associated with other manifestations such as crying, irritability and weight loss. Objective: To enable the medical student to recognize and differentiate the two pathologies, to know the diagnostic methods and to effectively choose the therapy selected for each case. Method: Literature review with research carried out from the PubMed, ScIELO and Google Scholar databases, selecting articles that met the chosen inclusion criteria. Synthesis of evidence: This study demonstrated that based on a good anamnesis, it is possible to collect important information to differentiate both conditions, since what differentiates them is the presence of symptoms such as weight loss, irritability and crying in GERD and persistence of reflux longer, which do not occur in the GER. Regarding management, it is important that both food and postural measures are adopted to relieve symptoms. In case of needing drug measures, evaluate the use of drugs such as proton pump inhibitors (Esomeprazole) and prokinetic (Domperidone).
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