Complicações neurológicas de sinusite em pacientes pediátricos: revisão da literatura dos últimos cinco anos
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Resumo
Introdução: Sinusite é um termo amplo que inclui várias subdivisões de inflamação sinusal, podendo ser aguda, subaguda e crônica. Estes termos são comumente usados para descrever infecções bacterianas, mas também existem infecções fúngicas crônicas, bem como a sinusite alérgica. As complicações intracranianas são sequelas comuns de sinusite, quando há comprometimento dos seios frontais ou etmoidais, e o risco de infecção intracraniana é acentuadamente aumentado. Apesar de sua relativa raridade, as complicações intracranianas permanecem clinicamente importantes, devido à alta morbimortalidade associada à doença. Objetivo: Revisar retrospectivamente a literatura, a fim de obter uma síntese das complicações neurológicas de sinusite mais comuns em pacientes pediátricos, para fornecer dados adicionais ao pequeno corpo de literatura que existe sobre este tópico. Fonte de dados: Esta revisão se baseia em estudos publicados na base de dados PubMed nos últimos 5 anos. Para tal, foram utilizados os descritores “sinusite”, “complicações” e “pediatria”. Síntese de dados: Grande parte dos estudos apresentam empiema epidural e subdural, complicações intracranianas supurativas e não supurativas, além de comprometimentos orbitais. Complicações intracranianas secundárias à rinosinusite, embora apenas esporadicamente observadas, são potencialmente fatais, e pacientes com sinusite que desenvolvem complicações mais graves são comumente crianças. Conclusão: Complicações neurológicas decorrentes de sinusite bacteriana são eventos raros, mas que exigem atenção do pediatra, pelo fato de suas manifestações clínicas serem inespecíficas, como febre, cefaleia, náuseas ou vômitos, mas com a grande possibilidade de morbidade nos pacientes.
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