Mitigação de sintomas do transtorno Do espectro autista através do uso de abordagens nutricionais específicas: uma revisão de escopo
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Introdução: O transtorno do espectro autista é uma desordem do neurodesenvolvimento e, de acordo com o DSM-5, caracteriza-se por um déficit de comunicação social e padrões repetitivos e/ou restritos de comportamento. Cada vez mais, têm-se relacionado o transtorno do espectro autista a certos padrões e hábitos alimentares, optando-se, em grande parte do tempo, por alimentos ricos em gordura, calorias e poucos nutrientes. Objetivo: Analisar e discutir os achados mais significativos acerca da mitigação dos sintomas do transtorno do espectro autista através de abordagens nutricionais específicas. Fonte dos dados: Foi realizada revisão de literatura dos últimos dois anos de acordo com a metodologia de scoping review (revisão de escopo), seguindo as bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed e Scielo, e utilizando os descritores: “Nutritional Status” OR Diet AND “Autism Spectrum Disorder””. Ao final do processo de seleção, restaram 19 artigos. Síntese dos dados: Há uma relação particular entre o alimento e o indivíduo com transtorno do espectro autista, com comprovada seletividade nutricional. Além disso, esta revisão concluiu resultados positivos quanto à melhora dos sintomas dessa desordem durante a utilização de determinados pré e probióticos. Por fim, em se tratando de suplementação vitamínica e dietas específicas (cetogênica e livre de glúten e caseína), os resultados foram inconclusivos. Conclusão: Ensaios clínicos randomizados mais robustos e rigorosos devem ser realizados a fim de se estabelecer o real efeito do uso de dietas específicas na mitigação de sintomas do transtorno do espectro autista.
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