Pulmonary involvement in children and adolescents hospitalized with suspected COVID-19: a case-control study
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Abstract
Introduction: Studies on chest radiological (X-ray) findings of COVID-19 in pediatric patients are scarce. The majority show a nonspecific pattern. However, peribronchial thickening and uni- or bilateral consolidations are described as well. Objective: This study describes x-ray pattern in hospitalized children during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: This is a case-control study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with children and adolescents aged 0 to 16 years old hospitalized with flu-like syndrome or SARS from April to October 2020. Nasopharyngeal swab and/or serology polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) were performed. Cases were defined as patients with RT-PCR for SARS-COV2 positive or undetermined and controls patients with RT-PCR undetectable. X-ray was blindly evaluated by a pediatric radiologist. Descriptive analysis and bivariate analysis were performed (Students t test significant p < 0.05). Results: A total of 36 cases and 182 controls were studied. X-ray alterations were not significantly associated between cases and the controls. The frequency in X-ray abnormalities observed in the control group (50/182 - 27.5%) was higher, when compared with the chest x-ray in cases (6/36 - 16.7%) [p=0.18]. Conclusions: There was no difference in the frequency of comorbidities and X-ray patterns between cases and controls; however, length of hospitalization of cases was higher than that of controls.
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