Meningococcal disease: current epidemiological situation in Brazil
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Abstract
Introduction: meningococcal disease is a condition of compulsory notification, caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, capable of producing a broad clinical spectrum. Its risk factors are related to agglomeration at home, smoking, among others. In Brazil, it is an endemic disease with periodic outbreaks of epidemics in several municipalities and the main cause of bacterial meningitis. Vaccination and chemoprophylaxis are performed as prevention and control measures. Objective: the main objective of this study is to analyze the confirmed cases and deaths due to meningococcal disease between the years 2010 and 2017. Methods: a descriptive study of the confirmed cases and deaths by meningococcal disease registered in the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação
[Notifiable Diseases Information System], with symptoms starting in January/2010 to December/2016. The update of the database was in April 2017. Results: when comparing the confirmed cases in the years of 2010 and 2016, one perceives a decline. When the number of deaths is analyzed, it is found a decrease by more than 60%. The incidence ratealso declined significantly. Despite the decline observed above, the lethality rate has remained stable. Conclusions: our interpretation of the data analyzed was that the confirmed cases, as well as the dea
ths due to meningococcal disease, decreased over the years, mainly after the introduction of the meningococcal conjugate vaccine for serogroup C. Despite all the success observed it is necessary to maintain an effective surveillance of meningococcal disease.
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